I. Source Control: nruj me ntsis tswj cov khoom raw khoom zoo
1. Eliminate Original Defects: Select high-quality tube blanks free from subcutaneous porosity, inclusions, delamination, and other defects to avoid stress concentration caused by non-metallic inclusions (especially Class D spherical oxide inclusions >2).
2. Kev sib xyaw ua ke: Tiv thaiv kev sib cais ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide lossis cov ntsiab lus phosphorus thiab sulfur ntau dhau los ua kom cov hlau purity thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg.
3. Microstructure Optimization: Tswj cov qauv banded (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 4, nquag tawg), Widmanstätten cov qauv (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug 3, teeb meem), thiab cov nplej ntxhib. Microstructure uniformity tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm normalizing lossis annealing txheej txheem.
II. Kev tsim cov txheej txheem ua kom zoo: Txo cov txheej txheem kev ntxhov siab
1. Cov Cuab Yeej Siv Hluav Taws Xob: Ua kom cov cua sov tsis sib xws ntawm lub raj tsis muaj cua sov, kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov tsis sib xws ("yin- yang sab") los tiv thaiv qhov tsis sib xws ntawm deformation thiab thermal stress cracking los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
2. Kev sib tw tho thiab dov tsis sib xws: Muab qhov mandrel txoj hauj lwm kom raug, qhia phaj sib nrug, thiab yob inclination lub kaum sab xis kom tiv thaiv mandrel dabtsi yog khoov lossis nruab nrab offset los ntawm kev ua rau sab hauv folds lossis phab ntsa tuab; Tswj qhov txo qis thiab elongation kom tsis txhob muaj hlau ntws tsis ruaj khov ua rau folds lossis tawg.
3. Txias txheej txheem kev ceev faj: Qhov chaw sib tsoo yuav tsum muaj kev hloov pauv thiab qhov dav tsim nyog - rau - qhov sib sib zog nqus tob kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab uas tuaj yeem ua rau tawg tawg.
III. Kev tswj cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov: Precise temperature control and cooling
1. Kev tiv thaiv tawg thaum lub sij hawm quenching
Tswj tus nqi cua txias: Txias maj mam nyob rau hauv martensitic transformation range (hauv qab Ar″) kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau ua rau tawg.
Siv isothermal lossis kub da dej quenching: xws li ntsev da dej lossis roj quenching ua ke nrog tempering, kom txo tau qhov kub thiab txias qhov sib txawv thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm thermal stress thiab structural stress superposition.
Tsis txhob cuam tshuam qhov txias txias: Cov cua txias yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam ua ntej tag nrho cov cua txias, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qab ntawm Ms point, tiv thaiv cov kab nrib pleb los ntawm qhov tsis sib xws.
2. Tempering thiab sib tsoo tiv thaiv
Sijhawm Tempering: Kub tam sim ntawd tom qab quenching (pom zoo tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 2 teev) txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov seem ntawm kev ntxhov siab ua rau ncua kev tawg.
Slow Cooling Operation: Lub tempering cua sov thiab txias txheej txheem yuav tsum tau nqa tawm maj mam kom tsis txhob tempering tej kab nrib pleb tshwm sim los ntawm overheating ceev.
Ua ntej-kev kho ua ntej sib tsoo: Rau siab- carbon steel qhov chaw, ua ntej- kub ntawm ib ncig ntawm 200℃los tiv thaiv nto tempering martensitic transformation thaum sib tsoo, uas tuaj yeem ua rau "thawj sib tsoo tawg."
IV. Cov khoom siv thiab cov qauv ua haujlwm tau lees paub
1. Kev Kho Cov Khoom Siv Tsis tu ncua: Calibrate lub zeb centerline, hloov hnav mandrels thiab cov ntawv qhia kev ruaj ntseg.
2. Cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm tau zoo: nruj me ntsis ua raws li cov txheej txheem tsis xws li cua sov, tuav lub sijhawm, thiab cua txias nruab nrab kom tshem tawm tib neeg kev ua yuam kev.
3. Tsis txhob rov qab quenching yam tsis muaj Annealing: Yog hais tias yuav tsum tau quenching thib ob, annealing yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej; Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tawg yog qhov muaj feem ntau vim yog superposition ntawm cov qauv kev ntxhov siab.
V. Kaw-Loop Quality Inspection Management
1. Kev Pabcuam Tag Nrho ntawm Tsis yog- Kev Ntsuas Kev Ua Phem: Siv Ultrasonic Testing (UT). 1. Internal Crack Detection;
Magnetic Particle Inspection (MT) txheeb xyuas qhov chaw thiab nyob ze -Ntoo Defects;
Eddy Current Inspection (ET) Ua kom muaj kev tshuaj ntsuam online nrawm.
2. Cov yeeb nkab-los ntawm-Kev Ntsuas Cov Yeeb Nkab Hydrostatic: Ua kom txhua lub yeeb nkab steel tau dhau los ntawm kev ntsuas siab ua ntej tawm hauv lub Hoobkas, tsis muaj qhov xau lossis micro- tawg tawm.
3. Cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia: Muab cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm, kev tshuaj xyuas metallographic, thiab NDT cov ntaub ntawv kuaj xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
✅ Cov Lus Pom Zoo: Hauv cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb xws li siab - siab boiler raj thiab roj casing kav, muab cov khoom tseem ceeb los ntawm cov tuam txhab nrog API 5CT thiab GB 5310 ntawv pov thawj los xyuas kom meej cov txheej txheem ua raws li qhov chaw.
