I. Defects
1. Cov kab nrib pleb (Friction): Cov no tshwm sim raws li cov kab nrib pleb ncaj nraim los yog cov kab nrib pleb ntawm sab hauv thiab sab nrauv ntawm lub raj steel, feem ntau nrog cov kaum ntse ntse. Lawv feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov hlau tsis zoo (xws li subcutaneous porosity lossis inclusions) lossis cua sov tsis sib xws.
2. Cov kab plaub hau: Cov kab plaub hau zoo, tsis tu ncua lossis tsis tu ncua tshwm sim nyob rau sab nrauv, feem ntau rov qab mus rau qhov kev taw qhia tho. Qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm kev tu lub raj tsis tiav los yog cov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom siv.
3. Scales thiab Peeling: Patchy tsa qhov chaw lossis tev cov cim tshwm rau ntawm qhov chaw. Qhov no yog tshwm sim los ntawm impurities nyob rau hauv lub lubricant, tawg mandrels, los yog detached tube lugs nias rau saum npoo.
4. Kos thiab Abrasions: Ncaj lossis kauv zawj -zoo li kev puas tsuaj, feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv phau ntawv coj los hnav, cov menyuam tsis sib xws, lossis kev sib tsoo thaum thauj.
5. Pitting (Pockmarks): Localized pitted roughness ntawm sab hauv thiab sab nrauv, tshwm sim los ntawm ntxhib yob, hlau oxide scale nias rau hauv, los yog ntau pickling.
6. Folding thiab Outer Folding: Kauv folds tshwm nyob rau saum npoo, rov qab mus rau qhov tho, tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua ntej - cov kab nrib pleb uas twb muaj lawm los yog cov hlau tsis zoo thaum dov.
II. Internal Defects
1. Inner Folding (Internal Folding): Serrated folds tshwm rau ntawm phab ntsa sab hauv, feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm ntau dhau ua ntej- nias ntawm mandrel, mandrel hnav, los yog kev ntxhov siab thaum lub sij hawm tho.
2. Delamination: delamination thiab cracking tshwm nyob rau hauv lub raj phab ntsa los yog sab hauv, feem ntau yog vim tsis yog -hlau inclusions, shrinkage kab noj hniav, los yog hnyav porosity nyob rau hauv lub billet.
3. Sab hauv Kauv: Kauv qhov tsis sib xws tshwm sim rau ntawm qhov chaw sab hauv, tshwm sim los ntawm ntau txoj kab uas hla nthuav dav ntawm cov sizing zeb, hauv zos hnav ntawm cov yob lossis mandrel.
4. Inclusions thiab Porosity: Tsis yog -metallic inclusions lossis micropores muaj nyob rau hauv, cuam tshuam rau kev ncaj ncees, thiab tuaj yeem kuaj tau los ntawm kev kuaj ultrasonic.
III. Geometric thiab Morphological Defects
1. Tsis sib luag phab ntsa Thickness: loj deviations nyob rau hauv phab ntsa thickness nyob rau hauv lub transverse los yog longitudinal kev taw qhia, ze ze rau dov txheej txheem tsis, cuab yeej raug, thiab lubrication tej yam kev mob.
2. Cov Cim Ncaj Ncees (Cov Cim Sab Hauv / Sab Nraud): Ncaj- kab kos rau ntawm qhov chaw sab hauv thiab sab nrauv, tshwm sim los ntawm kev khoov mandrels, misaligned mandrels, lossis misaligned tuag.
3. Dents thiab Bumps (Bulges): Localized depressions los yog bulges. Qhov qub yog feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam sab nraud, thaum lub tom kawg yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis xws luag ntawm qhov yob nto.
4. Kev Ncaj Ncees Kev Nyuaj Siab: Kauv kev nyuaj siab tshwm sim rau ntawm qhov chaw tom qab kev ncaj, tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis raug ncaj nraim ntawm lub kaum sab xis lossis txo qis heev.
✅ Cov Kev Tiv Thaiv Tseem Ceeb: Siv cov khoom siv siab tshaj - zoo, ua kom cov cua sov thiab cov txheej txheem dov, ua kom cov khoom siv tsis tu ncua, thiab ua raws li cov qauv ntsuas nruj xws li GB / T 5777-2017 tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis xws luag.
